Showing posts with label Sharia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sharia. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 13, 2019

What’s the American Muslim Agenda?

What is that Americans Muslims want? How close are they to what you want? What can they do about it? What are your issues with each other? If you are a conservative, grudgingly, you'll see the value in this book, and if you are a moderate, you'll dance and sing along with joy.

You and I have a responsibility to create a world where, you, me, and our grandchildren can live without apprehensions. No matter we go, we should feel secure about faith, race, ethnicity, culture and our political and sexual orientation.


Would the book American Muslim Agenda bring attitudinal change among Muslims?  Yes, it will, it’s akin to planting seeds and nurturing it to give the beneficence to the next generation. I know most American Muslims will wholeheartedly subscribe to the refreshed understanding of Islam, we need to expand it to more Americans.

Some of the reservations we have about Muslims and Islam are based on what we have heard from our parents, teachers, clergy, favorite media people and others.  We need to find the truth on our own and find freedom from misunderstandings. It is a blessing to be free.
Muslims have shied away from confronting difficult issues about their faith, and most of them don't even have a clue about the essence of Islam, it was never articulated before in the history of Islam. 

A few medieval scholars have reduced Islam to rituals, five pillars, dhimmi, jizya, sharia, externalities, and enforcement of your rules on to others. That is not Islam, and most Muslims can recite verses that Islam is about free will. God uploaded free will into Adam’s DNA, and emphasized it in the Quran, the prophet practiced ‘freewill’ and established examples for it. Sadly, Muslims know the truth but were bullied into silence with fatwa bombs. All I have done is articulated what Muslims believe, but dared not say it. The book is the voice of the majority of ‘American’ Muslims.

This book is a product of twenty years of research and thousands of discussions in which Muslims, non-Muslims, and “Islamophobes” have participated in it, including debates on Fox News with Sean Hannity, Stuart Varney, Pamela Geller, Brigitte Gabrielle, Robert Spencer, Jamie Glazov, Raymond Ibrahim, Walid Shoebat, Wafa Sultan, and several others.  

Islam is about living your life and letting others live theirs. Islam is about building cohesive societies where all of God's creation lives with dignity and freedom. In God’s universe, we are merely a speck, and no one is more privileged than the other. If you are a moderate individual of any faith, you will find the book in tune with you.

It is time to go beyond the five pillars of Islam, and I hope the Imams and Muslim scholars who are free thinkers would appreciate the contents of the book. This book may indeed become a reference manual for teaching Islamic values that contribute to creating a better world for all humanity.

The American Muslim Agenda offers guidance to Muslims to be one with all, and it voices what Muslims believe and live with and empowers them to live their lives and let others live with free will.  The book opens the door to people of other faiths to shed their biases and join hands in creating a world of safety, security, and harmony for all humanity.

Islam is a public religion, and Muslims don't own it exclusively. You are invited to participate in discussions, including your faith.  The book is expected to initiate conversations about the nature of Islam and fellow humans. I welcome your criticism (after reading the book).

You can get the book by calling 1-888-795-4274 x 4528 or get it from Amazon online or a book store. You can find the talking points at www.AmericanMuslimAgenda.com.


Dr. Mike Ghouse is committed to building a cohesive America and offers pluralistic solutions on issues of the day. His new book, the “American Muslim Agenda” is about everything you wanted to know about Muslims. The book is available at Xlibris and Amazon. Mike is a public speaker, author, interfaith wedding officiant, and the executive director of the Center for Pluralism in Washington, DC. More about him at https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikeghouse/


Sunday, January 15, 2012

Sharia Conference

www.ShariaLaws.com
As American Muslims we are committed to the safety, security and prosperity of America. That's a pledge we take seriously and act upon it. We are considering a Sharia conference in every major city in the US to demystify the myths about it. Every Republican candidate is talking about it without a clue and much of his/her talk is anti-fellow Americans, rather Anti-American. It is embarrassing to hear their ignorance when a good reporter asks questions.

Sharia will become a dominant theme in the 2012 Presidential Elections; the one who speaks the loudest earns the tea party support assuming that Tea Party represents the main stream Americans.  I am not sure, if we the Americans would gulp down their rhetoric or would have the time to question the veracity of the comments.

The responsibility falls squarely on us, the American Muslims to become contributors and participants in the well being, peace and prosperity of America.

We are considering a Sharia conference in every major city in the US, it will be professionally developed with the help of our Imams and Scholars and those who have problems with it. We have to answer every possible question that there is. If you are cooking things up in your mind and judging, you must be a darn Republican.

If you have the will, it’s easy to do it.

Muslims together can work and build a safer and secure America for every one of the 301 Million Americans.  This is your conference in your town, organized and managed by you. I hope all of us can call ISNA, CAIR, ICNA and other national organizations to take this project up.

 We can do this for under $ 5000.00 per city. I have done over 40 events including the ones over 600 attendees within that budget.  We should not expect the national organizations to put this event out, we have to do it on our own with their supervision to standardize the event. You’ll have to raise the funds locally- 100 Muslims $50/each or other combinations will do it. The question we have to ask is, are we willing to do it or find it comfortable to talk about our love of Islam without doing a thing.
    I am a volunteer and will be happy to assist anyone anywhere. 
Together we can come up with great plans and just do it.

For the starters, I have pulled a few key articles together; there are much better articles out there, Insha Allah, we will gather them all and urge Muslims to post on their sites, the more places it is published, the better off we are.

10 ARTICLES

The articles range from simplicity for a lay person to understand  ( Sumbul, Nezar , Nasim, Amjad and Mike’s articles) to Mainstream press writing ( Amy Sullivan and Justin Elliott),  to Scholarly presentations ( Dr. Yusuf Zia Kavakci and  Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq) . I hope to gather article critical (Plenty) of Sharia as well. If you know a great article, please share, together we can complete the spectrum and add value to its understanding. I further request that you post this on your site or ask those who have a site to post. The more it shows up in search engines, the better off we are collectively.

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Sharia in one Gulp – Mike Ghouse

Sharia in its simplest form is a how-to manual based on the Qur'an and the Hadith (Prophet Muhammad's sayings). It is a human effort to understand the concept of justice enshrined in the Qur'an for day-to-day living.

http://sharialaws.blogspot.com/2011/07/sharia-in-one-gulp.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-ghouse/sharia-law-not-in-america_b_653250.html 

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What Sharia law actually means – Justin Elliott

Sharia is more than simply "law" in the prescriptive sense. It is also a methodology through which a jurist engages the religious texts to ascertain divine will. As a jurist-made law, the outcome of this process of ascertaining divine will is called fiqh (positive law), which is the moral and legal anchor of a Muslim's total existence.
http://sharialaws.blogspot.com/2011/02/what-sharia-law-actually-means.html

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Who's Afraid of Sharia? – Sumbul Ali Karamali

Hasn't the whole notion of shariah in America gotten a bit out of control? No, it hasn't -- it's gotten hugely, obscenely, ignorantly out of control. Aha! The six principles must be about killing infidels, veiling women, stoning people for adultery, honor killings and female genital cutting, right? Nope.


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Sharia the law system inspired by the Quraan - Wikipedia

Sharia is often referred to as Islamic law, but this is wrong, as only a small part is irrefutably based upon the core Islamic text, the Koran. Correct designations would be "Muslim Law", "Islam-inspired", "Islam-derived," or even "the law system of Muslims."This is well known to most Muslims, yet Sharia is always referred to as "based upon the Koran", hence it is the "will of God."http://sharialaws.blogspot.com/2011/03/sharia-law-system-inspired-by-quraan.html

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Sharia is Not what you think it is – Imam Abdul Malik Mujahid

When some American pundits call sharia, "a growing threat to the United States," Muslim Americans wonder what in the world are they talking about. Sharia is overwhelmingly concerned with personal religious observance, not with constitutions and laws.


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The Myths of Sharia Law in America – Amy Sullivan

If you are not vitally concerned about the possibility of radical Muslims infiltrating the U.S. gove
rnment and establishing a Taliban-style theocracy, then you are not a candidate for the GOP presidential nomination. In addition to talking about tax policy and Afghanistan, Republican candidates have also felt the need to speak out against the menace of "sharia."
http://sharialaws.blogspot.com/2011/07/myths-of-sharia-law-in-america-httpwww.html

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Sharia – Dr. Muhammad Omar Farooq

"While Islam under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad brought liberation and freedom from human bondage and ushered in scientific, technological, economic and cultural progress as part of a dynamic civilization, the Shariah as it is being presented today seems to do (and probably promise more of) just the opposite. Why? In this essay, it is argued that one pivotal problem has to do with some fundamental misunderstanding about Islam and Shariah.


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Sharia, Fiqh and Islamic Law – Imam Dr. Yusuf Ziya Kavakci
Dr. Kavakci is one of the 500 most influential Imams in the world
Sharia recently became a hotly debated subject. Archbishop of England made a statement at the middle of many statements, that has given the opportunity of Islamic law and Shari to be discussed and debated by westerners and some times the discussion apparently was taken out context. It is, as I believe, a fact that Sharia, Fiqh in its early stages got established and developed in the wide area of the world, mainly where Roman law was dominant.
http://sharialaws.blogspot.com/2011/07/sharia-fiqh-and-islamic-law_15.html

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Demystifying Sharia - Nasim Rehmatullah and Amjad Mahmood Khan

Shariah is a misunderstood and misused concept. Critics of Islam frequently employ terms like "creeping shariah" to stoke fear amongst the masses. The Park 51 controversy and the increasing media focus on Islam provide an opportunity to educate Americans about the true teachings and practices of Islam concerning shariah.
http://sharialaws.blogspot.com/2011/07/demystifying-shariah.html

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Sharia law is not a threat – Nezar Hamze, Cair


You can’t turn on the news these days or pick up a newspaper without seeing or reading about Islam, Muslims or Sharia law. Unfortunately, most of what you hear is from politicians with a religious viewpoint or media outlets creating an illusion of an enemy.

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Mike Ghouse committed to nurturing the pluralistic values embedded in Islam.  More about him at www.MikeGhouse.net

Saturday, June 25, 2011

SHARIA, NOT IN AMERICA

The intent of the Sharia laws was to construct a complete justice system with fairness to all members of society. Peace and a sense of security are the products of justice in a given society. The violations of justice and the rule of law are found in every faith, culture and political system, to varying degrees. In this respect no community is free of blame and no one can cast the first stone against another community.
American Muslims have placed their trust in the American justice system and will continue to oppose Sharia laws as they are currently applied in many places across the globe. I will be one of the first ones, if not the first one, to stand up against it. The Muslim majority in America is happy with the American system and does not want to have Sharia law here in America.


Mike Ghouse is committed to building a cohesive America and offers pluralistic solutions on issues of the day. He is a speaker, thinker, writer and a frequent guest on Hannity show and nationally syndicated Radio shows and Dallas TV, Radio and Print Media. Over 1000 articles have been published on Pluralism, Interfaith, Islam, India and cohesive societies. Two of his books are poised to be released this fall on Pluralism and Islam. He is available to speak at your place of worship, work, school, college, seminars or conferences. His work is encapsulated in 27 blogs, four websites and several forums indexed at http://www.mikeghouse.net/.


Tuesday, March 29, 2011

The Threat of Islamophobia to American Muslim Civil Rights

The following is a written statement submitted by Dr. Muqtedar Khan to senate judiciary subcommittee on the constitution, civil society and human rights.

Islamophobia is witnessing a spectacular growth in the American public sphere. It creates an environment that casts suspicion on all Muslims, demonizes their faith and makes their lives difficult in small and big ways. There are increasing incidents of discrimination while travelling, in the job market, and while reentering the country after foreign trips. Every time Muslims try to construct a place of worship it is being used as an opportunity for Islam bashing and to garner political capital at the expense of Muslims. Law enforcement agencies, even though they enjoy a great deal of cooperation from the community continue to use religious profiling as a tool. The systematic and steady erosion of Muslim civil rights is also a slow and systematic corrosion of our constitution and our democracy.

Please refer to the original posting for accuracy, the words may have jumbled due to conversion from pdf.

http://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan/Papers/491659/TheThreat_of_Islamophobia_to_American_Muslim_Civil_Rights_Written_Statement_Submitted_into_Records_of_the_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Constitution_and_Human_Rights
# #

WRITTEN STATEMENT SUBMITTED TO SENATE JUDICIARY SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION, CIVIL SOCIETY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
“Protecting the Civil Rights of American Muslims”
Tuesday | March 29, 2011 |10:00 a.m. | Dirksen Senate Office Building Rm226

The Threat of Islamophobia to American Muslim Civil Rights
Dr. Muqtedar Khan
Associate Professor, University of Delaware
Fellow, Institute for Social Policy and Understanding

"The overwhelming majority of Muslim Americans are outstanding Americans and make enormous contributions to our country" – Rep. Peter King, Republican from NY. I want to preface my comments with an expression of gratitude to Senator Richard Durbin from Illinois for raising national awareness about the precarious condition of American Muslims’ civil rights. At a time when Muslim bashing has become the country’s favorite past time, it is indeed lionhearted of Senator Durbin to recognize that Muslims too are Americans and therefore entitled to the same human rights that all other Americans enjoy. More importantly this hearing sends the message that not all Americans are Islamophobic and that America does take its responsibility to safeguard Muslims and their civil rights seriously. I also want to express my thanks for giving me this opportunity to contribute a written statement on the issue at hand. It is indeed a
great honor.

For the past few months, American Muslims have been forced to suffer an incredibly hostile civic environment in which, prominent politicians, religious leaders and political commentators have expressed egregiously hateful sentiments towards Muslims and their beliefs. Some prominent mainstream leaders have launched sustained campaigns to marginalize American Muslims and deprive them of protections guaranteed by the
2
Bill of Rights enshrined in our constitution. State after state has embarked on legislative endeavors to make the practice of Islam illegal in the World’s oldest democracy.

Using disingenuous and mendacious distinctions between Islam and Islamic Shariah, between Muslims and radical Muslims; a coalition of individuals and groups associated with the far right and conservative perspective are using  are seeking to make the very practice of Islam unacceptable in America. An emerging antiMuslim ideology is using hateful symbolism such as ‘Quran burning’ falsely claiming that ‘0% of American Muslims are extremists’ and political gamesmanship like ‘anning the shariah’to create and sustain an atmosphere and culture of extreme hostility, suspicion, and hate towards Islam and Muslims. It is this hateful ethos that is putting Muslim rights at risk. It encourages people to illtreat Muslims and allows law enforcement to act without regard for the constitutional rights of Muslims.

Admittedly there have been several instances of terrorism related instances involving American Muslims in the past 10 years and they have caused 40 deaths. The most prominent generator of antiAmerican hate on the Internet, which now enjoys monopoly as the dominant source of radicalization of American Muslims, is Anwar Awlaki, an American born Muslim. The threat of terrorism remains a vital concern and American Muslims more than anyone else are acutely aware of it for terrorism presents a double threat to American Muslims. American Muslims are as likely to be victims of terrorism as anyone else, but unlike everyone else they also have to suffer the consequence of the
inevitable backlash.

Usually in democracies, laws, leaders and law enforcement agencies, protect minority rights and hate groups and fringe elements become threats, but unfortunately in the U.S. these very same guardians have become fountainheads of discrimination. This, in my opinion is the biggest danger since this trend is  of my statement, I will highlight the two main trends through which Islamophobia is becoming a national phenomenon that then leads to a rights compromising culture. law as cover for prejudice and mainstreaming Islamophobia. In the rest

Law as Cover for Islamophobia
A prominent segment of the American political right, associated with the emerging conservative social movement the Tea Party, has deployed a twoprong strategy to demonize Islam and Muslim beliefs. Their strategy seeks to argue that (a) the U.S. constitutional guarantees with regards to freedom of speech do not apply to Islam and (b) they seek to in fact ban the very practice of Islam in the U.S. by moving state legislatures to “an the Sharia” This subversive strategy that uses both the US Constitution and law in the service of intolerance reflects either a misunderstanding of the idea of religious liberty or a deliberate disregard for the very principle of religious freedom.

Islam and the First Amendment
Bryan Fischer, of the American Family Association is one of the many conservatives advocating the idea that the first amendment in the U.S. constitution does not protect nonChristians. He argues that the First Amendment was written to protect Christianity and does not protect Islam because Islam requires Muslims to rob, kill and pillage Christians.  not be allowed to protect Islam have been made by General William Boykin veteran turned preacher of hate, Lynne Torgerson a Republican Congressional Candidate from Minnesota in the general elections of 2010 prominent conservative and a longtime EditorinChief of The New Republic.1 Similar statements arguing that the First Amendment does not or should2, a U.S. army3, and Martin Peretz a4

This idea that the US Constitution does not protect Islam is a declaration of war on the civil rights and human rights of American Muslims. It is also an assault on the US Constitution. In order to make discrimination against Muslims legally and politically acceptable, these hate mongering Islamophobes, have to first maul and diminish the US constitution. Discrediting their view does not only serve to protect American Muslims’civil rights but also the dignity and sanctity of the US. Constitution. If a handful of extremists and fringe elements were airing these sentiments, then they can be ignored as cost of free speech in a free society, but if it is a concerted effort by a prominent section of the society and geared towards to impacting national policy, then it should be recognized for what it is, a threat to the most precious of American values – freedom of religion.

James Iredell, one of the first justices of the U.S. Supreme Court and a devout Anglican Christian who knew the founding fathers and the framers of the constitution personally, maintained that: “I consider the clause under consideration as one of the strongest proofs that could be adduced, that it was the intention of those who formed this system to establish a general religious liberty in America.”

He also emphasized explicitly that the First Amendment protects Muslims (he used the term Mohematans a term often used in the past to identify Muslims as followers of Prophet Muhammed), and excluding them would undermine the very principle of religious liberty and open the door for persecution.

“But it is objected that the people of America may, perhaps, choose representatives who have no religion at all, and that pagans and Mahometans may be admitted into offices. But how is it possible to exclude any set of men, without taking away that principle of religious freedom which we ourselves so warmly contend for? This is the foundation on which persecution has been raised in every part of the world. The people in power were always right, and everybody else wrong. If you admit the least difference, the door to persecution is opened.”
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The views of Justice Iredell, I submit, are representative of the fact that the original intent of the First Amendment did not exclude Muslims from its purview. Indeed it protects Muslims from precisely the kind of exclusionary politics advanced by the likes of Martin Peretz and Bryan Fischer.

Making Shariah Illegal

For the past oneyear, Republican State legislators have been attempting to pass bills that will ban the practice of Islamic Sharia in the U.S. and in U.S. courts. This is allegedly a preemptive strategy to prevent the imposition of Sharia in America. The endeavor has manifested itself in different avatars in Tennessee, Missouri and Florida. A referendum to the same effect was stayed in Oklahoma. It is apparent that unless the US Constitution is amended such laws, even if passed by bigoted legislators, will not pass muster at the courts. But I suspect that the media attention that such initiatives garner have become a source of political capital for some members of the Republican party who are determined to traffic in prejudice for political gain. But the damage these pernicious legal shenanigans bring to the social fabric of our country is immeasurable. The discourse that is necessary in order to pass antiSharia bills is making hatred part of the daily diet of Americans.

The antiSharia advocates try to make the distinction between peaceful practice of Islam and the hateful rhetoric of terrorists when they are questioned, but their discourse includes false propaganda that Islam preaches the killing of Christians, and that the Sharia is a narrow legal doctrine limited to hateful things. The Sharia in fact encompasses both –Islamic belief and Islamic practice. Banning the Sharia entails prohibiting Muslims from believing that there is one God, from giving alms to the poor, from fasting, from pilgrimage and from prayer; since all these pillars of Islam are the cardinal elements of the Sharia. The Sharia also teaches Muslims that Christians are not infidels but tradition of monotheism. people of the book who belong with Jews and Muslims to the Abrahamic7

This whole premise that America will be Islamized if preemptive steps are not taken is laughable. According to a religious identification survey, 76% of Americans identify themselves as Christians conservative politicians and concerned Christians, they have failed to impose on America, one principle of the Christian Sharia ‐‐ prohibition of abortion. How can Muslims who according to the same survey constitute less than 1% of the population, living in an America infested with Islamophobia, impose the Sharia on the rest of America? In fact even in countries where Muslims are in overwhelming majority they have managed to implement the Sharia often in only symbolic ways. The antiSharia
advocates are needlessly undermining our social and cultural harmony by fighting a fight that is absolutely unnecessary.

The principle purpose of the Bill of Rights in the US constitution is twofold; to ensure equality and justice. The protection of religious liberty requires that all Americans be treated equally when it comes to the practice of religion. No legal differentiation is acceptable. And all enjoy the opportunity to not only practice their religious beliefs but to defend and express them. The various legal strategies that Islamophobes are employing against Islam and Muslims are an affront to the very idea of liberty.

I conclude by quoting the doyen of religious liberty in America, Thomas Jefferson who settled this issue long before the U.S. Constitution was even crafted. Writing about the rejection of the effort by some in the State of Virginia to limit religious freedoms enshrined in the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom in 1786, which guarantees the religious liberty of all people, Jefferson wrote:

“as rejected by the great majority, in proof that they meant to comprehend within the mantle of its protection, the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian and Mahometan, the Hindoo, the infidel of every denomination.”6

The issue of whether Muslims’ religious liberty is protected in America was settled ages ago. It is a shame that we need to remind ourselves of it again.
8. In spite of this majority and after decades of activism by

Islamophobia as a Spectacle

Islamophobia has become a public spectacle. Religious leaders, politicians and members of the new emerging newscumcelebrity profession of radio and television hosts, are all resorting to Muslim bashing as an easy way to attract media attention, raise funds and increase their public profile and in some circles popularity. Wearing bigotry on one’ sleeve as a badge of honor has become a performative style in American political culture.

Two recent events, a congressional hearing hosted by Rep. Peter King the Chair of the House Committee on Homeland Security on Muslim Radicalization on March 10, 2011, and the burning of the Quran on March 21, 2011 by Pastor Terry Jones and his congregation in Florida after holding a “rial of the Quran” become a spectator sport. The Peter King hearing was designed to use the august institution of the Congress to propagate two beliefs held by Congressman Peter King; (a) that Muslims are not cooperating with US law enforcement in the struggle against terrorists and (b) that a vast majority of Muslims, over 80% of them, are radicalized. Peter King’s struggle to find reliable sources who would corroborate his prejudicial fancies are well recorded in the media. There is overwhelming evidence that proves that most American Muslims are law abiding and moderate in their outlook, and many of the terror plots exposed in the past have been due to cooperation from the Muslim community. To his credit, Peter King did recognize this. See his comment quoted at the
beginning of this statement.

Peter Kings’ hearings did not make America safer. They made American Muslim civil rights unsafe, demonized an entire community and may actually contribute to radicalizing and alienating some Muslims and reducing their cooperation with the government. But the hearings did generate a spectacle of prejudice and definitely raised
Peter King’s profile among those with whom intolerance and hatred sits comfortably. It also confirmed the view of many in the Muslim World that America’s war against Islam is not over yet. These hearings were such a bonanza for radical groups efforts at recruitment that surely Al Qaeda would have been happy to sponsor them.

The mock trial of the Quran that Pastor Terry Jones oversaw and the punishment that he meted out to the Holy Quran ironically shows that it is not the Quran but Christian pastors like Jones who are guilty of propagating and preaching hate. The act was clearly designed to insult millions of devout Muslims who revere the Quran. But sadly it was also an attempt to win a bigger share of the market of prejudice that now thrives in the U.S.

9, show how Islamophobia has
Final Thoughts

Islamophobia is witnessing a spectacular growth in the American public sphere. It creates an environment that casts suspicion on all Muslims, demonizes their faith and makes their lives difficult in small and big ways. There are increasing incidents of discrimination while travelling, in the job market, and while reentering the country after foreign trips. Every time Muslims try to construct a place of worship it is being used as an opportunity for Islam bashing and to garner political capital at the expense of Muslims. Law enforcement agencies, even though they enjoy a great deal of cooperation from the community continue to use religious profiling as a tool. The systematic and steady erosion of Muslim civil rights is also a slow and systematic corrosion of our constitution and our democracy.

Dear members of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, as members of the United States Senate, you all have sworn to uphold and defend the US constitution. The biggest threat to the constitution today manifests as Islamophobia. Protect the constitution by rejecting Islamophobia.

1
in See Bryan Fischer, “Islam and the First Amendment: Privileges but not Rights,” publishedRenew America, March 24, 2011. See on the World Wide Web at:
http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/fischer/110324

2
info/2011/02/25/anessaybygenwilliamgboykinformerusgeneralsaysconstitutionshouldnotprotectmuslims/
General William Boykin’s Essay on the subject can be read here: http://www.euroislam.

3
1stamendmentstatus/ Seehttp://loganswarning.com/2009/12/11/togersonforcongressislamshouldnothave

4

5
See his comments made during the debate in North Carolina ratifying convention  http://presspubs.uchicago.edu/founders/print_documents/amendI_religions52.html

6
See Ibid.

7
“haria is based on Ten Commandments,”The OnFaith blog of The Washington Post, August 4, 2010. See my argument about the compatibility of the Islamic Sharia and JudeoChristian values,
http://onfaith.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/muqtedar_khan/2010/07/islamic_shariah_is_based_on_the_ten_commandments.html

8  The survey was conducted by Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar of Trinity College, see  http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey
ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf

9 http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2011
0321quranburningflorida_N.htmUsually in democracies, laws, leaders and law enforcement agencies, protect minoritymainstreaming Islamophobia. In the rest